Smoke-preventing compound.



rnANK E. moons, or WASHINGTON, Dls'rmofr or Cotonou.

worn-movieman oon-roman.

ne. ooef'ac.

Epouloe'cicn of Letters Patent.

lstented Nov. 3, New.

Application med July 15, 1907. Emiel No. 383,892,

To grill 'whom it; mcy concern.'

llo ,it known that I, FRANK E. JAooBe, a citizen of the United States,residing at Washington, in the District of Columbia, have invented n,new and useful Smoke lrov outing Compound; and l do hereby declaro thcfollowimy to be a full, clear, and cx not doscri Vtion ofbtheinvent-ion, such as will enable otliers skilled in the artto which it opcirtcins tomake and use the same.

his invention relatos to improvements in smoke pmventing means andparticularly to chemical compounds for securing, a more perlvctbmbustionof fuels.

'The invention com rises moans for en chling the VWider use o: thesocalled bituminouj or soft coals and similar fuels without the"generation of' largo quantities of smoke.

One of the objects of the invention sjto ser-,ilrethe full heating valueof fuels eoonfomicf a r" l' ,n

Another ob'cct of the invention is 'to qecure the full meeting value offuels 'w'thoi't neceasitatin elaborate changes or ad ltions to'ex'istingimno-es,

, Anc 1er com of this invention is tg pfevent. the

ro notion ot smoke in theocrm 4lmstion o fuels, more especiolly the-combustion of coals.

'With these and other objects invicggf this invention comprises' certainnovel 'and useful combinations of parte" us'will be hereinafterdescribed and claimed.

lilthe process of combustion ofcoals, 1per? carboniferon's matter escapoin the form ofemoke, and vermont-e tl1o"sur rounding ntmosphereto t 1oinjury of health, comfort. and, vegetation. The explanation whydifferent fuels qi Je off different amounlfe i of unconsumed substanceor smoke is clearlysoen in 'the chemical analysis of the Yariousfuels... Itis .Well known' that anthracite or hard ,coal will generatoless smoke thonbituminous or soft coal,l `and 'that coke and charcoalwill venerte Still less smoke'thanf fixed carbone. On the other handcharcoal and coke are composed principally of yash and carbon, with thelatter greatly in :are dominance. The volatile or hjnirocnr um matter ofiuols consists m various com pou m is ing the process ofcomb'ustion andtomi .ihr basis of' a large numbersl of componndo, sooured from coals'by destruct-ive ,liiei-illatioiji. possessin r greet caloric value,among which are the folllowing direct prodnotezcoal gne, of vuryinformula; ammonium-i (NH3), and com oun e thereof; benzene ((tJL); tolucl(C lia); xyl-ol'(0il,) `yridin (ClLN) onrbolic acid (005,) nnphtiialeno(Cu, l-l 5 p5' reno (C 1112) and s-nthracene (CuHw) Ag fetc.V

il" he procese of cool combustion nl divided into two )has-os: The iiret'plie-ec. isg'merlxed by the vo atilization and combustion of 2li-rhydrocarbons and varies with conditions; 'the second is marked by thecombustion of tho remaining carbon. The formation of smoke occurs duringthe volatilization of the hydro-v carbone and varies with the sugiplv ofoxy gen, the local temperature, nndftiltie emcunt of escaping hydrogenunconeuxne'l.. It hns been determined by scientific mvestigatioo that acompound gas when4 suflciently heet. ed separates into its elements, endn sudden cooling of the he tod gas will given simple niixture instead othe original coinliinaticm: u. slow coolin vreproduces the 'originalgne. lt has also geen determined scientifically that new compounds areformed on Heating the hydrocarbons to high tem eratures, e gert of thecarbon being depos ted as soot. heee two phenomena undoubtedly go tothatare released from the iixed carbone dinlill gether in smoke production.lt ls recoge nizod by those familiar with the-nature of fuels that thephenomena of combustion can-V notbe sufficiently exlomocl by presentorgenio, chemistry or p-ysics. This is espe to determine their cokingnahtlos.

Since a-unit of carbon-a ordaabout 8,000'

cal'oeacf heat, while a unit ofhydrogen' affords 34,0120 calories', itwill he seen that hard coals, low in hydro 'nous matters, indent-eurelrender an increase volume of fixed'cerbohs,

chemical one. Certain cond'ionu conceit to secure thcelimi 'cially truein relationv to the analysis of fuele A' l loi? ing the gratos, drafts,etc. iutbe observed v in'any case, vbut thtqrt to solve H.

lem by a modification of these elements has been expensive and notalways practical.

The object of the present invention is to provide a simple, chemical,solution without necessitating elaborate mechanical improvements infurnaces and appliances therefor.

This invcn tion is the result of extensive exlzierience andexperimenting and its efficiency is confirmed by repeated trials andpractical demonstrations. t consists in a preparation of chloridof'sodiuin, (NaCl,) 1 i.; carbonate of potassium, as a lye of potash,(12008,) 4 ozs. oxalic acid,'.(C,H,O 4 ozs.; borax, (Na,B,O10H,O,) loz.v 'l`hese ingredients are mixed together with ash the aboveproportions, in any quantity desired, and then mixed with the .coal orfuel. The result is that a more rfect combustion of the coal, thustreated),e is secured and the formation of` smoke is prevented.

The ingredients are referably used in the commercial state, an they are,as is well known, charged with various impurities. It has been found forlinstance that ordinary cominercial 'potash, known under various namesas potashes, potasse, pearlash, subcarbonate of potasse.,l carbonate ofotas- .sium, and in solution-with Water as yc of poltash, showed onanalysis the following re su ts`:- f

'7 l I i. I g. a 4 l I Potassium carbonate M0, 14.10 Atilt 03.01 41.1Potasslum hydrateKOH.... 49.6 t?? mt it?? it? ft 1t o sa um 4. a.Iotasslumilb 'd KCI. .u .95 4. 0 8. 15 2. D WaterH .r 'L28 insolublematte (i) 1:28, 6.9 2.64 13 a The analysis of a sample ofanthacite ashgave the fo lowing result:

Silica- 53. 60 Alumina. 36. 69 -Sesquioxid of iron- 5. 59

Oxid of magnesio. 19 100. 00

Coal ash has also been found to contain phosphorus, sulfur, `and otherelements. l In the present state of cheinical knowledge it is quiteimpossible to describe the chemical reactions that `occur during thcvarious sta es of combustion of a coal or fuel treated wit the abovedescribed compound. .Since thechemical products of combustion, in art,must be carbon-dioxid vand hydrogen oxid or `water,.a nd the physicalstate of the elements combined in vcoal is not understood, it is beyondthe limits of our knowledge to a proximate all the causes which resultin the e imination ofsmoke by treating coal with this inven tion.Existing nowledge of hydrogen isbased largely upon its actions .as aJgas, little is known of itas a solid .liydi'oc-arbon, and consequentlylittle is known 4 of the proximate composi tion of coal, 4.igighich isnot a incre iiiixtitre of hydrogen and carbon. The calorific' Alue ofthe different hydrocarbons varies with their constitution, and that ofsolid carbon' with its physical state, therefore, it is not easy atpresent to trace the relation between the results yieldedb any givencoal o'n analysis and those foundY in practical use. We do not know,therefore, what coal is proximately com used rif-in what way theelements are combined in the substance-or what is the calolific value ofits various ingradients nr-ofthe compounds which may be produced ,bytreating it at different temperaturcs.

Amon tberequisites of perfect combustion are g1) intimate mixture andcontact be# tween the the air, supply of air. (2) Thel maintenance* of asuitable temperature for the chemical combination Vduring the period ofthe combination.

It is possible t iat the invention brin s about a more perfectcombustion of the cois or fuel, and the prevention of the formation ofsmoke, by peculiarly satisfying the above conditions, and 4that 1t doesthis either by maintainin a proper average of temperature; by e ecting amore intimate contact of the oxygen and the carbons and hydrogen; 'bydecreasin thc volatilizilrg tendencv of the hydrocar ons by forming aarti `in. closing barrier or coati upon t e surface of the coals, andthus limiting the play of the oxygen, so that its energy may be ven tothe h 4drocarbons first; or by esta lishing new p ysical relationsbetween the molecules a third unknown condition. e manner of operationor the of the invention on the commay be, it does eliminate the or bysatisfyin But whatever t exact infiuence bustion of `coal crease theamount of heat renovated.. It is apparent, therefore that 4he followinVments are 'present tiring the combustion of con] 4or fuel treated withthe compound, which treatment may vary with the character of the coal orfuel, and other conditions.

O, H, C. K, (ll, Na, Ca, Si, Mg, Fe, Al, B, P, S, and Nj. v

1t has been found that the proportions of the ingredients should be th'se given, though in practice the quaiititv ,of may be slightly variedwithout de v arting from the spirit of my invention. Tfio best fresults,when using a good quality of bituminous coal, are secured b using thecompound in the proportions specified.

I claim: I

l. 1n combination means for preventing the formation of smolce during,rthe process of the combustion of fuels, consisting in a inixvture ofoxalic acid, carbonate ofpotassium of commcrcofborax,common salt, coalash and sufficient water.

depositing of ungasified carbon and does in-A elecach ingredientparticles of the combustibles and and not amers access to a limited ofthe coal during the process of combustion.;

2. 1u, vmnhinetron, moans for preventing 'the [urimutum o1' .smokeduring the prom-.sa oi' the .co nbustion of fuels, consisting in ai.nixture oi oxuiic acid, u lyo of rurhonzitv oi' potash of commerce,olilorid of sodium, and meh.

3, In a compound of the class dvsurihml, n mixture of onel pound ofchloiid of sodium (NaCl), [our ounces of oarbonalr of pote sium ofcommerce (K,C0), four ounces of oxalic acid (CJ-LO), one ouncev of bonn;(Nu,B(),10HQ) and ash.

4. A process for improving tho heating qualities of fuels and preventingthe same from smoking during the pxocese of their combustion, oonsistinin 4tif-uiting the fue] 15 with a mlxtuie of oxJ 1o acid, a lye of comname to this specification in the presence of 20 two subscribingwitnesses.

FRANK E. JACfOBSl Witnesses.

H. L. FRANC, ANNA T. BURNS.

